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These photons are collected and amplified by the scanner, converted to a digital signal and then transferred to a computer for processing and display. When the IP is exposed to X-ray or gamma radiation, the phosphor layer in the plate stores the image.Īs the IP is read by the scanner, a focused laser releases the stored image in the form of visible light photons. – Digital information is easily stored and shared CR follows a simple 3-step process:
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– ScanX View Software offers the tools to optimize image quality – Plate exposure times are typically less than film – Chemical processing and a darkroom are not required Comparison to Other Imaging Techniquesīelow is a summary table of the common imaging modalities.Sometimes called “film replacement technology”, Computed Radiography (CR) uses a flexible phosphor Imaging Plate (IP) to capture digital images instead of conventional photographic film. Fig 2 - Illustration of the mediastinal structures in a normal chest radiograph. In this article, we shall look at the basic science underpinning x-rays, and the principles of their interpretation. Plain film x-ray is the most common diagnostic radiological modality used in hospitals today. They were first discovered and used for imaging purposes by Wilhelm Röntgen on 8th November 1895, when he took an image of his wife's hand. Depending on the tissue being imaged, the urgency of the investigation and the level of detail required, any of these techniques may be preferred: Factor There are CT scanners available on the market now that offer radiation dosage levels as low as plain film X-rays.īelow is a summary table of the common imaging modalities. However, plain film X-rays procedures are being replaced by CT and MR due to advancements in technology. They are often used as an initial screening to rule out anything obvious before an advanced modality is used such as CT or MR. It offers lower dosage compared to CT, and certain studies are performed relatively quickly (Chest X-rays).
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The biggest advantage with plain film X-rays is the amount of radiation involved. These receptors are placed behind the patient to capture the x-ray photons that are transmitted through the patient and ultimately form the image. With technological advancements, many instutions will be using a cassette receptor or if newer technology is available, a digital plate receptor may be used instead. Traditionally, radiographic film was used known as double emulsion film containing silver nitrate. These X-rays then travel through a focusing cup, focusing and accelerating the photons towards the area of the body to be imaged.
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Energy levels of the X-ray photon will vary and can be adjusted when selecting a parameter known as kVP or kilovolts peak. One of these interactions causes electrons to be expelled from the outer orbits of the atoms releasing a X-ray photon. When the electrons collide with the tungsten, several interactions occur at the atomic level. The electrons emitted by the cathode rush towards the anode, which holds a disc made of tungsten. This process is known as thermionic emission. These electrons are emitted from a filament on the cathode and rush towards a target material known as the anode. This causes electrons to “boil-off” from the cathode end of an X-ray tube assembly. The radiation is created when an electric current is generated from a high voltage generator.
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Ability to focus the radiation on a particular area.Ability to create to the electromagnetic radiation at the wavelength required.There are three criteria that must be met to allow electromagnetic radiation to be used for imaging purposes: X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (just like visible light).